As you can no doubt guess, I had some unusual dreams this past week. While last night's directing-a-snowboy-through-WoW-and-the-local-grocery-store was certainly the one I remembered in most detail (and included some shadows of lucidity at the end), my favorite dream this week was the one in which a dragon burst out from behind a sphinx-like monolith and chased me from the roof of the building I was in. I knew I could kill it by striking one of the bells on a small wooden block I was carrying, but of course the clappers were getting stuck. The other night of note was when I managed to have two remembered dreams... the irony being that I was my normal gender in one, and the complete opposite (as well as a different age) in the other.
Well, I went on one of those Wikipedia jaunts that I'm sure everyone is familiar with: you'll see some interesting topic somewhere and be directed to its Wikipedia article... only to spend hours looking down the chain of related articles at other concepts.
Somehow, the other day I got to the article on wavefunction collapse. I realize that phrase in itself sounds rather dull, but I'll try to explain what bizarre implications it has in a way both you and I can vaguely understand.
Begin with a wave. Now, in normal conversation waves refer to very specific things, such as ocean waves or perhaps sound waves, but when we get right down to the atomic level, we realize that EVERYTHING is a wave. This is called wave-particle duality. There are a couple of equations that deal with this, but suffice to say that larger objects (i.e. the things we can see) tend to have little in the way of wavelike properties (they don't scatter, they have a fairly definite location, etc.), while very small objects such as electrons and other elementary particles can exhibit behaviors we don't normally associate with particles.
This is why, for instance, you may have heard of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle for electrons. The principle basically states that it is impossible to know both the location and momentum of an electron with precision at the same time. Well, part of the reason this principle exists is that it's very hard to measure the "position" of an object whose properties are very much like a wave's! After all, it's rather meaningless to measure the position of a wave going up and down on a horizontal string. Perhaps the individual humps and valleys have positions, but the overall wave, if you've been bouncing the string for some time, really has no definite position at all.
Anyway, there are a good lot of strange subatomic particles besides the electron, and the very small ones, of course, still have that wave nature. But of course, if they were just wave/particle chimeras, they could not possibly be confusing enough to belong in the quantum mechanical zoo. No, these waves (I will call them waves from here on) also have the magical, counterintuitive ability to exist in more than one state at once. What I mean by this is, suppose you had a large ball, representing a subatomic wave of some sort. Now say it can exist in two solid colors (no stripes, spots, or blotches), red or green... but keep in mind that it can exist in these two colors simultaneously. The solid colors represent the different states of the wavefunction you're modelling. Obviously this demonstration wouldn't work too well in real life, which is what makes quantum mechanics so brilliantly fun.
The real fun comes with wave collapse. Bear in mind this is by no means the final word on the subject (in science, nothing is ever final anyway), but one of the leading explanations today for behavior that we've seen in these waves is that as soon as they are observed, the waves immediately settle into ONE of their possible states. So in other words, in the ball demonstration, it is as if the ball suddenly "chooses" either solid red or green as soon as you look at it!
The natural question here is, how in the world do we know that the waves exist in multiple states when unobserved, if observing them makes them collapse? The answer, as far as I can tell from my meager formal education in quantum mechanics, is that we don't. It's just that there are few better explanations for how the waves seem to have a random state as soon as we measure them. Also, the equations predict it... one thing you must get used to when speaking of theoretical physics is having the math prove the principle nearly as much as the other way around.
At any rate, go chew on the implications of wavefunction collapse for a while.
Reality check. Any physicists reading this, wincing, are welcome to correct any errors -- I tried to put it in laymen's terms as far as possible, so some accuracy may have dribbled into the gutters.
Reality check. Any physicists reading this, wincing, are welcome to correct any errors -- I tried to put it in laymen's terms as far as possible, so some accuracy may have dribbled into the gutters.
